Fahrenheit 451 Analysis - 798 Words

Imagine a world overcome by fear, trapped by oppression and dominated by the corrupt, it may seem like fiction, but dystopian novels carry lessons that are more real than you would think. Ray Bradbury’s Fahrenheit 451 is no exception. Bradbury had quickly gained global recognition from his stand out dystopian hit that makes controversial social commentaries. Some of the commentaries he touches upon the topics of censorship and social conformity. All of which are demonstrated through the strategic use of demanded conformities and the dystopian setting. Overall, In Fahrenheit 451, Bradbury comments on the censorship and ideological limitations in today’s society by emphasizing political and social control in his novel. Ray Bradbury†¦show more content†¦It acts the same to a warning as well as if the current day society continues down the immoral path of censorship it will end up to resemble the dystopian society in F451. Although there are many there is not just political commentaries that the book has to offer. Not only is Bradbury critical of the political flaws, but he also makes commentaries on the social conformities throughout the novel. Like political conformities, social and ideological conformities are also common motifs in dystopian novels. Social limitations can be identified in multiple instances, including the mass media that constantly brainwashes the viewers to aspire and conform to the governments image. In simpler terms, the social conformity in the novel is that everyone must be equal and have the same values, goals and opinions. If you have different ideals, you face the same fate as Montag’s former accomplice Clarisse as you are viewed as an enemy of the state. This is elaborated upon when Bradbury writes â€Å" We must all be alike. Not everyone born free and equal, as the constitution says, but everyone made equal† (Bradbury 55). The conformities mentioned in the book connect to real life controversies th rough the changing standards of society and mass media. In the world today everyone aspires to be the same perfect person, accepted by all and hated by none. This is accomplished by the mass media of the largeShow MoreRelatedCritical Analysis Of Fahrenheit 4511266 Words   |  6 PagesTo begin, in Fahrenheit 451, Ray Bradbury incorporated: a censorship aspect intended for the book, social commentary, and the social critical analysis which relates to conflicts in our world today. To continue, censorship can be considered a â€Å"threat† to society, for example, Bradbury uses the concept of the overuse of media and how it can affect the world and the people around you. Furthermore, Bradbury’s key focus was to satirize the excessive use of television and the media as a news and entertainmentRead MoreAnalysis Of Fahrenheit 451 1142 Words   |  5 PagesParis. What do all of these places have in common? They fell victim to unpredictability. Mass shootings are not new to our society, but they are still a devastating problem that should not exist any longer. Mass shootings connect to the novel, Fahrenheit 451, through both the unnecessary violence and the absence of humanity that are evident in the novel. Mass shootings are a devastating problem in our society, and now their numbers have escalated to a new level. This change reflects how both our societyRead MoreFahrenheit 451 Analysis898 Words   |  4 PagesIn the dystopian novel, â€Å"Fahrenheit 451,† Ray Bradbury writes about Guy Montag, a fireman who found it strange that firemen burn books. He encountered with Clarisse and found out the truth. Many conflicts happened in the society because of Mildred and the people. He met with Faber and they planned to change the society because the people were not thinking of others. In the fictional novel, Fahrenheit 451, Montag encountered Clarisse which changes his perspective in books; Montag developed an imaginationRead MoreAnalysis Of Fahrenhe it 451 1391 Words   |  6 PagesCierra Thomas Mrs. Contrera 4 B/D 4/14/2016 Figurative Language and Technology Showing a Decline In Relationships The book Fahrenheit 451 by Ray Bradbury was published in 1953, although more than 60 years later, it still remains a relevant social commentary about certain conditions current in the United States, the main one being the role of technology in everyday lives. Some social and contemporary conditions in 1953 have stayed the same and some have changed, but the novel can be used asRead MoreAnalysis Of Fahrenheit 451 Essay1518 Words   |  7 PagesChristian Reyes Mrs. Righetti Eng. 2 Accelerated Period 3 08 October, 2015 Fahrenheit 451 Essay (Second Draft) â€Å"Don’t judge a book by its cover† (Bradbury 155). This is a traditional quote that is most relevant to a story and modern day society. In the beginning, Montag would burn books with much pleasure believing that books are considered â€Å"evil,† but later on in the novel he confronts Clarisse. Faber, and Granger whom guided Montag to realize how wonderful a book can be, how much meaning andRead MoreAnalysis Of Fahrenheit 451 1946 Words   |  8 Pages Jovon Smith ELA 8, period 1 Dystopia Essay Dec.16, 2015 â€Å"Dystopia EA† Set in the twenty-fourth century, Fahrenheit 451 introduces a new world in which control of the masses by the media, overpopulation, and censorship has taken over the general population. The individual is not accepted and the intellectual is considered an outlaw. Television has replaced the common perception of family. The fireman is now seenRead MoreAnalysis Of Fahrenheit 451 914 Words   |  4 PagesEquality in the Censorships of Books in Fahrenheit 451 Fahrenheit 451 by Ray Bradbury is a novel that illustrates what could happen to our society in the future. The novel portrays a society in which books, excluding comic books and other simple technical books, are banned and burned for the good of the society as the people believed. The books are seen as a source of unhappiness and, therefore, the society has decided to Ban them and put the fireman in charge of maintaining the censorships. I believeRead MoreFahrenheit 451 Analysis1417 Words   |  6 PagesFahrenheit 451 and Under the Never Sky are two dystopian books that propose a variety of similar ideas and a handful of differences. Both books have their own ways of enforcing a form of censorship, which plays a major role in why these stories represent dystopian societies. In both books, the setting is in a futuristic society, creating a new perspective on how the abuse of authority in the government can lead to a failing society. In both stories, questioning is seen as a negative way of thinkingRead MoreAnalysis of Metaphors and Symbols in Fahrenheit 4512249 Words   |  9 PagesFarris 3 Lauren Farris Mrs. Reid AP English 4 21 March 2006 Analysis of Metaphors and Symbols in Fahrenheit 451 Fahrenheit 451, by Ray Bradbury takes the reader to a time where firemen do not put out fires; they start them in order to burn books, because books and intelligent thinking is outlawed. By using a combination of metaphors and symbols in this novel, Bradbury deepens the intricacy of his central them that censorship and too much government control is dangerous, and men should beRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book Fahrenheit 451 1413 Words   |  6 PagesAnimal Farm and Fahrenheit 451 Book-burning is the first thing that is explained about this future based society of Fahrenheit 451. Burning books is the obliteration of the single thought on paper or in one word- censorship. Books are considered evil because they make people question and think. All intellectual curiosity and thirst for knowledge must be quelled for the good of the state — for the good of conformity. Without ideas, everyone conforms, and as a result, everyone should be happy. When

Rhino Poaching And The Exotic Animal Trade - 1493 Words

Would you change your lifestyle to save the existence of a species? In western society, it is our lifestyle to go to the doctors when you are sick, drive to work and buy food from a grocery store. It is hard to remember that around the globe there are different customs and ways of life. A lot of people make the means to live by working the land, owning their own shops, fishing, and hunting animals. Poachers in Africa make their living by hunting elephants, lions, rhinos, and other exotic animals. Countries in Asia, like Vietnam and China, have been using rhino horn medicinally for generations. Would they be willing to change their entire lifestyle to save the existence of a species? I analyzed an image created by the World Wildlife Fund that addresses rhino poaching and the exotic animal trade. There are two subjects in this image, the rhino and those within the rhino. The rhino is being captured by people, but at the same time, its horn is already being removed. I think that this re presents the huge market for rhino horn. We are collecting as much horn as we can as fast as we can do it. This idea of our insatiable appetite for exotic animal products is also reinforced by how the horn is being removed. Somebody, with a chainsaw, is cutting off the horn below the base of it. This unsustainable practice will kill the animal. If the horn was cut above the base it would grow back and the rhino could continue on, but it is common for poachers to remove as much horn asShow MoreRelatedHuman Trafficking And Its Effects On The World1105 Words   |  5 Pagestheir profits. These animals range from exotic species like monkeys and rhinos to the common great white shark. Regardless of the number of animals, poaching is having a dramatic affect on the ecosystem. This situation has become serious, and there needs to be more actions to stop it. There are many steps that can be taken to halt or cripple these organizations. The act of poaching happens all over the world. Some animals being killed are well documented like the ivory trade or tiger skin. HoweverRead MoreHuman Trafficking And Its Effects On The World1103 Words   |  5 Pagestheir profits. These animals range from exotic species like monkeys and rhinos to the common great white shark. Regardless of the number of animals, poaching is having a dramatic affect on the ecosystem. This situation has become serious, and there needs to be more actions to stop it. There are many steps that can be taken to halt or cripple these organizations. The act of poaching happens all over the world. Some animals being killed are well documented like the ivory trade or tiger skin. HoweverRead MoreThe Poaching Of Animals And The Subsequent Trading Of Illegal Animals1621 Words   |  7 PagesThe poaching of animals and the subsequent trading of illegal animal products are issues that have been prevalent in the media and environmental groups for quite some time. 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So much has happened recently that the US has broken it down into four categories, simple or gross neglect; intentional abuse and torture; organized abuse, including dogfighting and cockfighting; and animal sexual abuse (Fricker). The very first group of people in U.S. history to give laws for animal cruelty wasRead MoreWhat Do You Think Of When You Hear National Parks?1598 Words   |  7 PagesHarbor, I guarantee you that no one would bring up crime. Crime does occur in national parks, and it has been happening since the early beginnings of parks. It ranges from graffiti and defacing of property all the way up to more serious crimes such as poaching and bomb threats. The first national park ever established in the U.S. was Yellowstone Park, it was established and signed into law by president Ulysses S. Grant in 1872. Many parks would follow and open throughout the years with the mission toRead MoreThe Heroes Of Elephants From The Early Movies Of The Disney1824 Words   |  8 PagesDumbo is an adorable elephant born to a circus mom. However, all of the other elephants and animals make fun of him due to his enormous flappy ears. On the bright side, Dumbo is able to overcome that problem and even learns to fly with his big ears. He teaches us the value of friendship and of finding good things within ourselves instead of just giving up. In reality, an elephant is considered an exotic animal. This is especially true when you take a close look at the culture of Asia. In Asia, theRead MoreEssay on Biodiversity7414 Words   |  30 Pagesdefined the environment and economic markets as adversaries, international agreements like the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) in 1975 may ultimately prove to use the market as an enforcement incentive rather than an engine for environmental destruction. SPECIES PROTECTION As the huge, lumbering animal leads her young through the grasslands of the African savannah, she has no idea that behind any given tree may lie a threatRead MoreWild Life Protection Act of India2566 Words   |  11 Pagesincludes all non-domesticated plants, animals, and other organisms. Domesticating wild plant and animal species for human benefit has occurred many times all over the planet, and has a major impact on the environment, both positive and negative. Wildlife can be found in all ecosystems, Deserts, rain forests, plains, and other areas including the most developed urban sites all have distinct forms of wildlife. While the term in popular culture usually refers to animals that are untouched by human factors

Pupils Welfare And Academic Attainment Education Essay Free Essays

string(79) " topic is the student herself † , \( Marland A ; Rogers, 2004, p\." Pastoral attention, or as it is known in an educational scene as Personal, Social, Health and Economic instruction or PSHE, has been under much argument and examination in the last decennary or so. The discourse environing this country of instruction is about how of import it is and if it has a topographic point within or alongside the National Curriculum. There are inquiries about the relevancy PSHE plays within schools and whether it is 2nd to the more academic based topics, and if it is in fact an country that needs to be included who is tasked with the occupation of presenting it? The chief publications I will be utilizing to discourse the inquiry are, Positions on Pastoral Care ; Pastoral Care and Personal Social Education: Entitlement and Provision ; Problems and Practice of Pastoral Care ; How to be a Successful Form Tutor ; The Pastoral and the Academic. We will write a custom essay sample on Pupils Welfare And Academic Attainment Education Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now Additionally to these I will be doing usage of articles, electronic stuff and an review study by Ofsted into PSHE. Pastoral attention and personal-social instruction can be found to arise before the Education Act was formed in 1944 and some grounds day of the months as far back as the last century. Although it was non until the 1970s, and shortly after critics, that publications about pastoral attention began to emerge in print, so it can safely be said that PSHE and pastoral attention has existed alongside instruction for a piece, ( Best et al, 1995 ) . A diffused construct from the general consensus for a sensible definition of PSHE is ; â€Å" Personal, societal, wellness and economic ( PSHE ) instruction is a planned programme of larning chances and experiences that help kids and immature people grow and develop as persons and as members of households and of societal and economic communities † .[ 1 ] ( PSHE Education, ND ) When it comes to pastoral attention a phrase which is going progressively used is ‘the concealed course of study ‘ , a phrase that defines a side consequence of larning which is non intentionally intended. The expostulation to this is that no portion of the course of study should be ‘hidden ‘ , for merely if it is openly defined can at that place be a plausible and incorporate structured programme of PSHE within schools, ( Marland A ; Rogers, 2004, p.20 ) . An interesting point raised by Keith Blackburn that can associate to the ‘hidden course of study ‘ is that each member of the teaching staff, non merely the signifier coach, contributes in assorted ways to countries focused on the PSHE lessons, something I will turn to subsequently in this reappraisal ( Blackburn cited in Best et Al, 1980 p.58 ) . Overall, it is clear in some countries that there are values based on PSHE within schools and it is seen as an indispensable facet of ‘whole sc hool ‘ ethos, furthering a safe and unafraid environment where kids are able to larn. So, from my initial readings it seems that the function of the signifier coach is to better the overall well-being of the student with the purpose of it holding a positive impact on the remainder of their instruction. With this general background in head we can get down to discourse how the place held by the pastoral carer/form coach is important to pupils ‘ public assistance and academic attainment. The signifier coach can hold many functions within a school, he/she are the first grownup students will run into in the forenoon and he/she have more contact clip with each student in comparing to their capable instructors. As a instructor he/she is at that place to supply support and counsel, every bit good as being a function theoretical account to whom their students can look up to. Dillon and Maguire acknowledge this in their book Becoming a Teacher, and so travel on to state â€Å" merely being there is an of import factor, supplying students with what might be the lone point of security in the instance of those with helter-skelter lives † , ( Dillon A ; Maguire, 2011, p.371 ) . In turn toing the point made by Blackburn brought up earlier in this treatment, subjects teacher can lend to countries focused on by the chief pastoral carer. Then once more their chief aim is to learn their course of study topic, unlike the signifier coach, they would non follow with a structure d programme that students will profit from within PSHE lessons. Furthermore, while it is the responsibility of the signifier coach to advance ‘personal development ‘ , Blackburn besides insists the signifier coach has to understand the manner each student sees himself in order to lend to his farther apprehension and penetration † , ( Blackburn, cited in Best et Al, 1980, p.58 ) . This support of a signifier coach can be a great aid during the adolescent phase of a student ‘s life as Watkins ( 1981 ) explains that one of the chief country of the signifier coach ‘s function will be to see is merely that ‘adolescence ‘ . A slippery clip for a student as they are trying to develop their ain individuality and where they fit within the larger community. Watkins puts it as â€Å" striplings are continuously involved in experimenting with their self-presentation and judging the reactions thereto † , ( Watkins, ND, cited in Hamblin, 1981, p.22 ) . During his calling Douglas Hamblin ( 1981 ) had become progressively cognizant of schools where the pastoral system was under-functioning and doing small direct part to the attainment of the ‘whole schools ‘ ethos. He seems to admit that instructors were non the 1s to fault, the job stemmed from uneffective pastoral attention caused by a hapless deficiency of structured programmes from which carers could present utile lessons, ( Hamblin, 1981, p.3 ) . Fortunately, varied lineations of learning standards in these PSHE lessons can be found in many publications, in add-on necessary qualities in being a successful signifier coach can be besides be found. One peculiar publication which discusses both would be How to be a successful Form Tutor, by Marland A ; Rogers, ( 2004 ) in which they describe that â€Å" a signifier coach is a instructor whose topic is the student herself † , ( Marland A ; Rogers, 2004, p. You read "Pupils Welfare And Academic Attainment Educatio n Essay" in category "Essay examples"19 ) . The suggestion here is that each student ‘s ‘personal development ‘ , addressed by Blackburn before, is different and they should hold their ain single acquisition program to assist them come on. Marland and Rogers so travel on to compose about a theoretical account that focuses on seven countries of personal-social growing drawn upon by Richard Pring ; these include rational and moral virtuousnesss, character traits, societal competences, practical and theoretical cognition and personal values, ( Pring, 1984, cited in Marland A ; Rogers, 2004 p.22-4 ) .These countries described here can help in the betterment of both the public assistance of students and their overall academic accomplishment ; or as Calvert expresses it, â€Å" issues of emotional intelligence were cardinal to larning and non merely concerned with go toing to the public assistance of the kid † , ( Calvert, 2009, p. 274 ) . In 1980 there was a ‘Great Debate ‘ of instruction looking into the constitution of a more purposeful course of study ; the topic of pastoral attention was mistily addressed but non much was done about the â€Å" luxuriant and frequently complicated systems † that were in topographic point, â€Å" in which academic personal businesss were separated from public assistance and counsel † , ( Best et al, 1980, p. ( xi ) ) . In the publication The Pastoral and the Academic, Powers ( 1996 ) writes that in its early phases pastoral attention had been used as a manner to depict any undertaking that would non suit into the academic side of instruction, ( Power, 1996, p.30 ) . As it was defined chiefly in negative footings, it lacked internal coherency and organizing rules, ( Power, 1996, p.30 ) . So at that place seems to be this great oversight between both pastoral and academic, but some authors feel there is a demand to unite the two in an interlacing relationship so they can feed off each other to better public presentation of students ‘ well-being and faculty members. Hamblin feels that â€Å" the relationship of pastoral attention to achievement can non be stressed excessively strongly ( Hamblin, 1981, p4 ) . There is a big sum of grounds that suggests PSHE has had a strong influence on students in both positive and negative ways. Such an illustration is the Ofsted review study into personal, societal, wellness and economic instruction in schools, which took topographic point between September 2006 and July 2009 in 165 kept up schools in England. In one school visited students responded positively towards PSHE instruction, â€Å" exhibiting first-class behavior within lessons and had developed lively and joint debating accomplishments and were besides willing to listen to the positions of others † , ( Ofsted, 2010 ) . The students besides showed their societal and personal accomplishments in practical ways by moving as function theoretical accounts and wise mans for younger students. The findings suggest that many of the schools with consistent and good quality learning were really much dependent on whether PSHE was taught by non-specialist instructors ( who were frequently coachs ) or by instructors who had had some preparation in PSHE instruction † , ( Ofsted, 2010 ) . This analysis suggests the benefits from holding a strongly structured programme for PSHE lessons can help any type of coach deliver a lesson. There is grounds of negative positions towards pastoral attention picked up by Powers ( 1996 ) , Calvert ( 2009 ) and Hamblin ( 1981 ) . As discussed earlier, Hamblin acknowledges the under operation of pastoral attention, while Calvert explains there are seven ages of pastoral attention which have developed over the last 50 old ages. These are pastoral attention as ‘control ‘ ; as ‘individual demand ‘ ; as ‘group demand ‘ ; the ‘pastoral course of study ‘ ; for ‘implementation of the National Curriculum ‘ ; for ‘learning ‘ and for ‘the wider work force and the Every Child Matters docket ‘ , something Power besides picks up on in less item, ( Calvert, 1996, p 270-274 ) . It seems apparent that the function of the signifier coach, no affair how many significant alterations it goes through, one portion which remains critical and is agreed upon is the development of the students ‘ wellbeing, ( Rees, 2010, cited in Dillon A ; Maguire, 2011 ) . This sentiment of â€Å" personal development † dealt with by Marland and Rogers ( 2004 ) is something that is besides picked up on by Keith Blackburn in Perspectives on Pastoral Care, depicting â€Å" a new function created for instructors in secondary schools whose main accent was cognizing single students † , ( Blackburn, cited in Best et Al, p.56 ) . Associating many of the Hagiographas is this impression of the academic and the pastoral working together alternatively of against each other. Best and fellow authors indicate in Perspective on Pastoral Care, that as far back as 1980 there is clear deliberation over the thought of segregating the pastoral course of study from academic as a questionable act and something that the ‘great argument in instruction ‘ should hold picked up on but failed to so, ( Best et al, 1980, P ( xi ) ) . Chris Watkins suggests that â€Å" schoolmasters and instructors should guarantee that pastoral attention in schools embodies a healthy balance between challenge and support for students † , ( Best et al, 1995, p.304 ) The division of PSHE course of study devoted to either public assistance of students or their academic accomplishment is nonsensical, as the focal point on supplying for personal growing and accomplishment together is a better model for success, ( Standish et Al. 2006, cited in Dillon and Maguire 2011 ) something for which Watkins ( 1981 ) and Powers ( 1996 ) agree on. Mentioning back to the original inquiry posed, I feel it can be concluded that the signifier coach is genuinely cardinal to helping in the ‘personal development ‘ of students in both well-being and academic attainment, ( Blackburn, cited in Best et Al, 1980, p.58 ) . It seems a common understanding that the responsibility of the signifier coach is to cognize the students as persons and help them in their ‘personal development ‘ of these countries. It is besides apparent that the academic side of instruction is improved by such subjects taught in PSHE as discovered by Ofsted during their reviews, ( Ofsted, 2010 ) . However, it is good and works better if there is a structured programme in topographic point to work to. Unfortunately there is no easy reply to what constitutes an in agreement pastoral course of study. Everyone seems to hold similar thoughts about what should and should non be included ; nevertheless there are excessively many inconsistent thoughts to do a refined construction as yet, ( Calvert, 1996, p.268 ) . How to cite Pupils Welfare And Academic Attainment Education Essay, Essay examples

Environmental Policies in USA

Question: Identify a policy issue that impacts or interests you. This policy issue can be at the local, state, or federal level, only USA Policy? Answer: Introduction The United States congress has been thriving towards regulating their activities that shall have a positive impact over the environment. The principal goal of the present Obama Government is also to conserve the environment for the future generations and at the same time not to recede the present liberty of the people and the commerce. The White House Office constantly frames policies and engages in agency coordination for undertaking environmental responsibilities (Kraft Furlong, 2004). Obama on Environment Barack Obama in the 2008 presidential elections managed a clear and big lead above his rival on the issues of environment and got the support of all the mainstream environmental groups. Obama also made appointments of people like Steven Chu and this clearly shows that his presidency was very serious about the environmental issues (The Daily Signal, 2015). Clean Power Plan Recently, in the lecture of convocation in a coast guard university in Connecticut, Obama clearly mentioned that climate change is a threat to the national security of the nation and is posing dangers before the police forces (Gregory Korte, 2015). Thus, to protect the change of climate, the Federal Government has made efforts to initiate a Clean Power Plan that sets out standards that are achievable for the reduction in the emissions of carbon dioxide by 32% from 2005 levels by 2030. This plan has set the goals that it intends to achieve and this will enable the states to frame appropriate policies so that the plan can be a success (The White House, 2015). This plan will not only protect the health of the American families but will also endorse in saving the family bills and thus the economy of the country will develop. The President also gave a comprehensive speech on the Clean Power Plan and stated the effectiveness of the plan along with the way it will work. Effectiveness of the Plan This plan is effective because it intends to provide incentives for the states to reduce the emissions of the power plants by the installation of new zero-carbon energy and improvising the efficiency of the fossil fired power plants if they stop using coal and start using natural gas (The White House, 2015). Ethical Standards As far as the ethical standards are concerned, the plan also intends that the economy of the nation shall develop and the environment condition shall at least remain stable if not improvise for the upcoming generations (Theenergycollective.com, 2015). Political and Social Feasibility The plan is also politically and socially feasible because it has been implemented in the federal level and the states have been asked to implement the same in their own levels. The benefits in the form of incentives also ensure social security (Theenergycollective.com, 2015). Equity Measures As far as equity is concerned, the plan will ensure jobs for a large number of unemployed people. The civil rights groups like NAACP were in fact looking for these. The solar energy sector is giving jobs to many people. To pursue the equity factors in the Clean Power Plan roll-out, many models have been framed in different levels (Kamieniecki Kraft, 2007). For instance, the Public Service Commission of New York has created new policies on renewable energy that will give better access to solar power and prioritize energy. Conclusion The plan if implemented in the way it has been discussed will definitely be a success and the goal can be attained much before the deadline. This initiative will not only help the nation but will also be a successful for controlling the pollution levels in the global scenario. The initiative is surely going to be a welcome move for the entire world. References Gregory Korte, U. (2015).Obama: Denying climate change erodes national security.USA TODAY. Retrieved 20 August 2015, from https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2015/05/20/obama-climate-change-national-security-coast-guard/27628313/ Kamieniecki, S., Kraft, M. (2007).Business and environmental policy. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press. Kraft, M., Furlong, S. (2004).Public policy. Washington, D.C.: CQ Press. The Daily Signal,. (2015).Obama's Dangerous on Climate Change, National Security. Retrieved 20 August 2015, from https://dailysignal.com/2015/05/22/obamas-dangerous-thinking-about-climate-change-and-national-security/ The White House,. (2015).Energy, Climate Change, and Our Environment. Retrieved 20 August 2015, from https://www.whitehouse.gov/energy Theenergycollective.com,. (2015).Clean Power Plan Effectiveness | The Energy Collective. Retrieved 20 August 2015, from https://www.theenergycollective.com/alextrembath/2257778/clearing-air

Atherosclerosis, Coronary Artery Disease and Endothelium essays

Atherosclerosis, Coronary Artery Disease and Endothelium essays One of the foremost leaders of mortality in the US is coronary artery disease (CAD). This disease strikes many older men and women, as a result from the infamous factors of high cholesterol, high blood pressure, and diabetes mellitus, not to mention others. Thanks to research over the last decade, there is more understanding of the role endothelium plays in the coronary system. Instead of having non-active, diffusional barrier-like qualities, as was once thought, the endothelium serves many critically important functions. At the blood vessel walls, the endothelium synthesizes and releases active substances such as nitric oxide and bradykinin, two potent regulators of vessel function. It is found that the physiologic changes in the endothelium affect the mechanisms responsible for atherosclerosis, and progressively in coronary artery disease. The changes that generate these conditions are known as endothelial dysfunction. As we will see, even the smallest factors can play a wi despread role in atherogenesis, or the making of degenerative plaques of cholesterol in the inner layer of an artery. Atherosclerosis, a condition increasing with age, is marked by the deposition of lipids into already-present plaques, causing elevated plaques. The inner layer, or endothelium, is the primary site of development of atherosclerosis. The endothelium is a highly dynamic, multifunctional organ whose central role is to respond to changes in stress and blood flow (Jairath, 1999). The endothelium is the largest organ in the body; its total mass is equal to about five human hearts, and surface area about the size of a tennis court. The vascular tone of the blood vessel is maintained by endothelium-released vasoconstrictors and vasodilators. Vasoconstrictors include endothelin, angiotensin II, thromboxane A2, arachidonic acid, prostaglandin H2, thrombin, and nicotine. Vasodilators include nitric oxide, prostacyclin, bradykinin, endoth...

The Roles of Science and Religion

The Roles of Science and Religion Free Online Research Papers â€Å"Science today is as much a natural product of history as any religious system.† The term ‘natural product of history’ is coined from the idea of beliefs, practices and objects being changed through time and inevitably, the process of creating these products, somehow or rather, tend to involve human activity. The effects and suggestions to the statement â€Å"Science today is as much a natural product of history as any religious system.†as related to the study of science and religion will be discussed further in this essay. The study of religion attempts to recognize the different aspects of religion through the use of intellectual disciplines. There are various reasons as to why a student chooses to study religion. Possible reasons could be the impact of religion upon global politics, the claim that religions convey truths by which human beings should live, to understand the influence of religion upon other disciplines of high historical values such as art and music, and could also be to find a religion in which to believe in. To be a good student of religion, one has to practice open-mindedness and learn to co-exist with another individual with a different religious belief. Putting own practices and assumptions aside, a good student of religion detaches himself from his own religion and is able to typify religions like how objects are typified. In short, the way to study religion is to be an outsider. In the study by Eileen Barker on Transcendental Meditation, or TM as it is widely known, Barker, an expert on new religious movements, took an approach as an outsider and discussed on the status of TM. Analyzing the practices and beliefs of TM compared to common religions such as Christianity, Buddhism, Hinduism and Islam, Barker felt that TM is not a religion, but a religious movement. Of course, to provide such a definition or rather explanation as to whether a discipline is a religion or otherwise, careful analysis has to be made. To aid such analysis, students of religions made use of different methodologies in identifying a religion from another. A student could use definitions of religions in his analysis of a religion. There are two types of definitions which a scholar can use to distinguish the characteristics of religions – Functional and Substantive Definitions. While using substantive definition is found to be narrow, many scholars favor using functional definition. A functional definition concentrates not on what religion is but on what these beliefs and practices do for the individual or social group. One approach to functional definition would be using Ninian Smart’s 7-dimensional model of religion. Smart’s model is found to be flexible and is designed to be specific. It studies religion from an objective point of view. However, in any study models, there are sure to have weaknesses. Therefore, it is essential for a scholar to be practical and explicit in their search for evidence. A dimensional model of religion, on its own, is probably insufficient. A better approach to define religions would then be using both functional and substantive definitions and models in combination. The history of man has shown the constant influences of religion, and so the study of religion, involving the effort to recognize its significance, its origins, and its countless forms, has become progressively more important in this modern time. Scientific discoveries and systems began to challenge religious beliefs. Known scientists like Galileo and Newton all played considerable roles in challenging the standard views at their time. While science is based on observation, religion makes point of view analytical in nature and requires some unquestioned faith. In spite of leading human through somewhat different course, both try to uncover the basic. Thus, the goal, in both cases, is to establish the elements of what shape the reality. Science is always based on evidence, trial-and-error, about observation and investigations, while religion is neither. Science is governed by natural laws and understandable in mathematical and physical terms. Many people trust the information science offers rather than religion because the facts that science offers seem to be more trustworthy. No matter how true these facts are, one still has to go back to the initial point before making any judgements. Let us now return to the underlying principles that govern the study of science and religion. The two principles, namely naturalism and symmetry are highly observed by historians of science. In the case study of Christian dogma in Baur and the Tubingen School, the approach to the analysis is considered symmetrical. This refers to the knowledge and claims on all sides that is explained symmetrically, without respect to who was or is now though to be right or wrong. On the other hand, the approach to naturalism is to treat religious or scientific ideas with natural explanations rather than supernatural. An example would be the products of ordinary historical causes and effects. This is more likely to be used by outsiders of religions. Just as the study of religion has their method to help students understand its process and history, Science historians too adopt their own methodologies. The two-track method and contextualist method both have their own strengths. Whichever methods one choose to use, the important things to ensure are there should not be any personal involvements in beliefs and one has to objective in his/her understanding the boundaries between science and religion. Both science and religion have parts to play in the creation of the universe but they just convey themselves in different forms. Neither science nor religion is an infallible method to move towards the nature of reality but when working together they can provide both a question and an answer, just in different ways. (1000 words) Research Papers on The Roles of Science and ReligionCanaanite Influence on the Early Israelite ReligionMoral and Ethical Issues in Hiring New EmployeesBook Review on The Autobiography of Malcolm XGenetic EngineeringRelationship between Media Coverage and Social andComparison: Letter from Birmingham and CritoResearch Process Part OneIncorporating Risk and Uncertainty Factor in CapitalThe Relationship Between Delinquency and Drug UseEffects of Television Violence on Children

TQM IMPELEMENTION Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

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Business Creation and Growth Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Business Creation and Growth - Coursework Example This essay â€Å"Business Creation and Growth† highlights the advantages and disadvantages of the program that is introduced and developed for assisting the entrepreneur in starting up the business and conducting of the market research. It covers various areas which include the operation, human resources, operation, finance, marketing and organization. The process and the application of Sim venture are very simple and easy to implement as well as manipulate. Therefore it is required to be applied tactically for various purposes. The Sim venture game has been introduced with the purpose of allowing the user to run the enterprise for the period of maximum 3 years. Sim venture game assists the entrepreneur in successfully expanding its business. Sim venture performs the role or the function of a business adviser in which it allows the entrepreneur to carry out its business successfully and enhance his knowledge as well as decision making skills. Sim venture is a very well known b usiness simulation game that is introduced and developed for assisting and supporting the entrepreneur for the growth and expansion of the business. This game has been introduced for developing the entrepreneurial skill. It provides an opportunity to the entrepreneur in facing the complex business environment and competing with the demands in the market. The various areas of the business that is associated with sales and marketing, finance, organization and operation has its implication in the business programme.

Letter to the editor Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Letter to the editor - Essay Example These concerns have ever been raised in the in various social media but still the topic remains unexhausted. There are varied views held by different stakeholders in the society. Some parents recommend for increased adoption of recent technologies among the children and have even bought handsets for children to access the social media more easily. Some groups, however, have criticized the indulgence of the children in social media that would have negative impacts in their lives. As a matter of fact, the social media such as the televisions have far reaching impacts on the children yet are allowed to operate freely without restrictions! The televisions air advertisements that do not promote morals of the children. For instance, advertisement showing some children engaged in partying or drinking behaviors teach teenagers nothing good but rather creating awareness of immoral activities that do not inspire them achieve successful lives. Televisions need to involve teenagers in choosing what is morally right for displaying to the viewers. Some television channels are after making money and care less for the morals of children. This is because the immoral adverts pay huge amounts of money and the television media could reap high profits. To combat these practices, the development of media act is necessary in order to regulate these activities by the television media to promote a better future for the teenagers. The activities of the television service providers h ave minimum regulation and this limits interventions of state authorities. The developments in the social media have also enabled the uncontrolled monitoring of the children access to unwanted content. There are very many social network platforms used by teenagers at the back of parents’ knowledge. Consequently, the parents would not know the information shared by the children in order to impose restrictive measures. For instance, the parents are aware of the Facebook social

Marketing Factors In Pepsi Cola Organisation

Marketing Factors In Pepsi Cola Organisation Company Background Pepsi Co is a world leader in convenient snacks, foods, and beverages, with revenues of $60 billion and over 285,000 employees. PepsiCo owns some of the worlds most popular brands, including Pepsi-Cola, Mountain Dew, Diet Pepsi, Lays, Doritos, Tropicana, Gatorade, and Quaker. Our brands are available worldwide through a variety of go-to-market systems, including direct store delivery (DSD), broker-warehouse, and food service and vending. PepsiCo was founded in 1965 through the merger of Pepsi-Cola and Frito-Lay. Tropicana was acquired in 1998 and PepsiCo merged with the Quaker Oats Company, including Gatorade, in 2001. Divisions Report operations results as follows, by six segments: PepsiCo Americas Beverages (PAB) Frito-Lay North America (FLNA) Quaker Foods North America (QFNA) Latin America Foods (LAF) Europe Asia, Middle East Africa (Investors/Corporate-Profile.html, 2010) I have selected the carbonated drinks industry for this report and discuss relative to the Pepsi under their industry conditions. International Business of Carbonated Drinks Industry Carbonated Drinks Market is growing High profitability and lack of barriers to entry led to the emergence of many new players in the market of carbonated drinks. Competition in the market is increasing and as a result profitability has been decreased by 15% in 2 years in the UK market. Company held the strategic analysis and decided to begin expansion to the new market. Companies are doing marketing researches in all geographical locations and try to find better new market for entry. Despite the presence of several competitors in the market the companies having chance to enter in to new locations and try to find grab predominant market share. The drinks market is attractive for the Pepsi Company because of its lowly competitive and having huge target audience throughout the UK. Company hopes to built there strong brand that will defend chosen market from penetration of new players and give the company profits at the higher level. The companys strategy involves building a strong distribution network in small satellite c ities in addition to the urban areas. Bad condition of the water from the municipal central water supply system and lack of prospects for their repair and modernization Unsuitable for drinking and cooking water supplied from municipal central supply system greats a high demand for pure drinking water purified populations. This situation is general for the whole country and its solution requires great financial cost. According to the current economic situation in the country the current situation is unlikely to be rectified in the next 10 years. The marker of pure drinking water is very big. Every resident should to consume every day about 2 liters of water, so the company considers a promising development of its activities in this market in the next 10 years. Therefore people trust the pureness of bottled carbonated drinks and avoid the bad effects of them. Growth by 15 times the tax on the production of drinking water / Carbonated Drinks in bottles from 1 may 2010 Carbonated drinks in bottles are substitute of water sold in the consumer packaging. Despite of its high price it has a raw of advantages such as Accessibility in every grocery in a city and Presented by famous brands. This drinks came directly as a response to public demand for pure drinking water and during that time became very popular in spite of price that 2-4 times higher than for drinking water sold in the consumer packaging. The introduction of the rule of this law will lead to the transition of customers to the consumption of water sold in the consumer packaging and persuade people to drink carbonated drinks due to the cost advantage. Improvement of technologies of individual water purification system and reducing of their cost This substitute is very popular in the market. Advantage of individual water purification systems is a possibility of their using directly at a consumer home by using water from the municipal central supply system. Cost of purification of 1 liter of water with the use such system is approximately equal of price of drinks sold in the customer packaging. However such systems have a number of weaknesses. Cheap models that cost about 10 USD purify water with a middle quality that significantly inferior to the quality of water purified by professional systems. It can be also dangerous for health to use such systems because delays in the replacement of filters can cause the user to use water with bacteria and viruses. Expensive individual purification water systems that give higher water quality comparable in quality with given by professional systems have high initial cost about 100-300 USD, that for considerable cost of UK populations in a monthly income. Also they dont purify water from bacteria and viruses. However cheap individual purification water systems are becoming more popular in the market. Companies should to develop response strategy for these substitutes. Because of all above factors the carbonated drinks market is still growing with huge industrial rivalry. The international business environment 2.1 Micro / Macro factors affecting to Pepsi in Globally SWOT Analysis Strengths S1 Experience in developing distribution chain in the industry S2 Experience in conducting promotion in the industry S3 Company provides strong control of servicing customers S4 Competitive and flexible pricing S5 High quality of water which is ideal for food that confirmed by certificates Weaknesses W1 Lack of natural drinks in the range of the company and specialized in carbonated drinks. W2 Company doesnt have service of delivering drinks to customers home W3 Difficulties in branding in the industry to heavy competition and should maintain promotions daily Opportunities O1 Growth by 15 times the tax on the production of drinking water in bottles from 1 may 2010 O2 Low prices for the rental of retail space and down wages, that allow company to cut cost O3 The market has a big potential of growth and now it is completed just for 30% O5 There is low competition in the chosen market O6 Bad condition of the water from the municipal central water supply system and lack of prospects for their repair and modernization O7 Growing concern of the population about their health O8 Development of vending technologies for selling pure drinking water O9 Severe pollution of water resources in the region Our strength S4 and S5 will help us to grab opportunity O1 and take some customers from segments of water in the bottles Our strengths S1 with opportunity O2, O3, O8 will help us to develop distribution chain in the city very quickly Our strengths S2, S3, S4, S5 with opportunities O3, O5, O6, O7, O9 would contribute to great sales of the company in the chosen market Weaknesses W1, W2 prevents us to fully utilize opportunities O3, O5, O6 Treats T1 Improvement of technologies of an individual water purification systems and reducing of their cost T2 The absent of barriers in the industry and low initiate investments attract new players T3 Expected growth prices by 10% for water from the municipal central water supply system that used by company for purification drinking water Our strengths S1 , S2 and S4, S5 will help us to minimize impact on the market The treat T1 Our strengths S1, S3, S4 will help us to minimize chances of new entrances to the market Opportunity O2 will eliminates treat T4 Weakness W2 with treat T1 can cut share of the industry in the market of pure drinking water. We need to develop promotion program that will stimulate population to use just quality water purred by professional systems Weakness W1 with treat T3 great opportunity for other companies to entry the market with offer of natural drinking water sold in the customer packaging and grab segment of the market. So company should initiate project of sales natural drinking water from own distribution chain for the segment of the market that want to drink just natural water 2.2 PESTEL Variable Factors Political and Legal Growth by 15 times the tax on the production of drinking water in bottles from 1 may 2010 Total corruption in the controlling state bodies Bad condition of the water from the municipal central water supply system and lack of prospects for their repair and modernization Economic Low prices for the rental of retail space caused by economic recession in 2009 Down wages, high level of unemployment Expected growth prices by 10% for water from the municipal central water supply system that used by company for purification drinking water Reduction in purchasing power of the population Socio-cultural Growing concern of the population about their health Negative attitude of population toward quality of water from municipal central water supply system Technological Improvement of technologies of an individual water purification systems and reducing of their cost Development of vending technologies for selling pure drinking water Ecological Severe pollution of water resources in all around the world 2.3 Porters 5 Forces Analysis Buyer Power is moderate: Bottling companies and retailers constitute the main buyers in the carbonated soft drinks market. The latter represents the most significant force yet despite their large size and concentration, it is the public that drives the market (heavy marketing campaigns and brand consciousness are a warrantee that popular products must be stocked, reducing the power of buyers). Although Pepsi does not do any bottling, the company owns about 36% of Pepsi Enterprises which is the largest Pepsi bottler in the world (Murray, 2006a). Since Pepsi owns the majority of the bottler, that particular supplier does not hold much bargaining power. Suppliers Power is moderate: Pepsi is dependent on suppliers for various ingredients and vulnerable to certain commodities price fluctuations. However, the availability of substitutes reduces their power. N.B: the advertising and marketing agencies represent key suppliers (very concentrated) but their power is moderate. New Entrants threat is weak: they face important barriers such as strong brand loyalty and substantial fixed costs. The nature of the market also demands an intensive marketing campaign in order to create and maintain a successful brand awareness and image. The difficulty in dislodging the main players of the market is linked to the importance of economy of scale which inevitably benefits current mass manufacturers. Substitutes threat is moderate: there are various substitutes such as alcoholic beverages, tea, coffee and non-carbonated soft drinks. But the diversity of public demand ensures that a wide range of products offered by Pepsi will be stocked by retailers. For many consumers, such products represent alternatives and not substitutes. Industry competition is a moderate force: with only a limited number of players, competition is lessened as each established competitor secures an important segment of the market thanks to strong branding and product differentiation. Coca Cola and Pepsi Co dominate the industry with strong brand names and great distribution channels. Forces Factors Threat of substitutes The individual water purification systems. The cost of water with the use of the individual water purification systems is approximately equal to the cost of water sold in the customer packaging. Cost of cheap purification systems sold at the supermarkets is low (about 10 USD), so its the easiest way for customer to have pure water directly at home. Drinking water in bottles. This water is available in any store in the city. Its price higher by 3-4 times than drinking water sold in the customer packaging. Small part of customers uses this water every day for drinking and cooking. Some companies specialize in supplying the offices of drinking pure water in bottles. This market is strong competitive. Threats of new enters Licences or any other special permission arent needed to entry the market. Initial investment to start business in this market is about 20  000 USD, so it is some easy to entry in the market. It is easy to organize distribution chain by setting up chain of outlets in a chosen area. It is low chances for new outlets to be opened near existing one, because owners understand that there much area is free in the market and strong competition will kill profits. Density of rivalry Industry is growing by 20-30% every year In the chosen market competition is low, existing sellers are getting super profits Brands arent developed at all. The companies havent differentiated their products in the minds of buyers because of low competition and havent provide any marketing events The market has a big potential of growth and now it is completed just for 30% The most important competitive advantage is a dense distribution chain Bargaining power of buyers Buyers are individual and amount of purchase is small, so buyers dont have significantly impact on prices. Buyers can easy switch on substitute products or on purchasing water from a competitor outlet if it is available in the nearest area. Product cost isnt significant for buyers, so their sensitivity to price isnt very big Buyers are sensitive to quality of product and to information about it Bargain of suppliers Producer of drinking pure water distribute it by own distribution chains and use water for purification from municipal water supply system International strategies of the company Strategies As for the growth strategy, I choose the Product Development strategy because decided to create a new product for existing customers and because it is a medium risk strategy. And for the competitive strategy, I choose the differentiation strategy because Pepsi is a very innovative company, the unique selling point being having a great Energy drink with the amazing taste of Coke Zero. It is costly but Coca is a multinational company and the leader in its market. STP Segmentation criteria: Market Size: UK, Males, Age: 15-35, Wage: , Students, Professionals, Sports People, Urban people. Targeting criteria: Influence, Strategic Fit, Disposable Income, and Reachable, likely to buy. Targets: Professionals and Sports People. Positioning: Sporty, Cool, Young, Adventure, Personality, Unique. Tactics Product Core Product: NRJ Coke Zero, satisfy the need of thirst and vitamins Second Product: (first added value): taste, design, quality, brand, innovation, Third: After sales, cool personality, differentiation, Why innovation: Rationale for my product development: Stay competitive in the energy drinks market Retain market share Trends NPD (New Product Development) Idea Generation and screening Business Analysis Market Testing Commercialise Price Price Elasticity: Perfect Elasticity: Intermediate pricing Place / Distribution Channels Indirect distribution because it allows more market reach, maximum availability of products, minimum costs of ownership and infrastructure. As a matter of fact, the targeted segments are very large (FMCG product). Unfortunately, there are some disadvantages such as the brand is diluted: the competitors can have a stronger power on retailers which might lead to less availability or lack of presentation and merchandising. Also commissions: The power of retailers may have adverse impacts on the companys margins and profits. Intensity of Distribution: Intensive Distribution: Prelaunch exclusive then intensive starting from the introduction stage. Integration of Distribution: Backward Vertical Integration: B2B: Upstream relationship (with suppliers: contracts, acquisition of suppliers and bottlers, mergers, joint ventures, strategic alliances). Forward Vertical Integration: B2B with retailers: Downstream. B2C: CRM, Mass Media, Loyalty cards, research. Pepsi collects information from the retailers, Promotion / Communication: Objectives: D Æ’Â   Differentiate 40% R Æ’Â   Reinforce the message 0% I Æ’Â   Inform 40% P Æ’Â   Persuade (call to action) 20% In the introduction stage, my main objectives are to inform and differentiate. Then develop a COMMUNICATION STRATEGY: PUSH: Pepsi Æ’Â   Retailer ( trade magazines, promotion, incentives) (25%) PULL: Pepsi Æ’Â   Customer ( TV advertising..) (25%) PROFILE: Pepsi Æ’Â   Retailers and Customers ( brand image, sponsor events, celebrity endorsement). (50%) because main CSF is strong brand image Develop Brand: Umbrella branding: NRJ Pepsi Zero Promotional Mix ABOVE THE LINE ( Mass reach, not customised) TV teaser, TV adverts, Radio, Press, Billboards BELOW THE LINE (Customised) Direct Marketing, Personal Selling, Sales Promotion THROUGH THE LINE (Cinema, fashion magazine, event sponsor,) Sponsorship Samples Exhibitions PR/ Publicity 2012 London Olympic Games 04. Effectiveness of the companys international strategies 4.1 Value Chain Analysis In Bound Logistics: Some of Pepsis most notable suppliers include Spherion, Jones Lang LaSalle, IBM, Ogilvy and Mather, IMI Cornelius, and Prudential. These companies provide Pepsi with materials such as ingredients, packaging and machinery. In order to ensure that these materials are in satisfactory condition, Pepsi -cola has put certain standards in place which these suppliers must adhere to (The Supplier Guiding Principles). These include: compliance with laws and standards, laws and regulations, freedom of association and collective bargaining, forced and child labor, abuse of labor, discrimination, wages and benefits, work hours and overtime, health and safety, environment, and demonstration of compliance (Pepsi Cola 2006). Process: Pepsi purchases its own ingredients through use of future contracts (to avoid market volatility) and produces its concentrate from its own facilities. Once this is done, these companies send their concentrate out to bottlers upon approval of contract for bottling company. Outbound Logistics: Once the bottling company receives the shipment of concentration, it is diluted to the correct concentration by adding the correct amount of carbonated water, and sugar, and bottled for sale. This is done for two reasons. One reason is so that Pepsi can maintain its exact mix of ingredients as a well-kept secret, and not let the bottling companies know what exactly goes into its product. This affects the image of the product, and preserves it as something of higher value, and actually applies a sense of prestige to the Pepsi products that are kept such excellent secrets. Pepsi operates by sending concentrate to bottlers, who then take the necessary actions, and ship out its products to consumers and vendors. Automation in technology in cash registers allows Pepsi and the bottling companies who bottle and ship the contents of each bottle to know exactly how much of their product the merchant is carrying. This allows for a quick delivery of more products for the merchant to sell in a nice and timely procedure. (Source: article VCA) JDA Software Group has announced that Pepsi Bottling Co. Consolidated, with 6,000 employees and $1.4 billion in annual revenue, has upgraded its JDA Software supply chain management solutions to Version 7.4, including JDA ® Demand, JDA ® Fulfillment and JDA ® Transportation Planning, all powered by Manugistics ®. Pepsi Consolidated expects to further improve forecast accuracy, customer service levels, order fill rates and on-time deliveries with the support of JDA Software. JDA Softwares Supply Chain Optimisation and Transportation Logistics Management solutions allow companies to respond rapidly to shifts in consumer demand, as well as manage, optimise and execute the strategic, operational and tactical business processes that transform the supply chain into a strategic differentiator. (Source: Forecasting Demand Planning). Sales Marketing: Marketing and Sales for Pepsi e is huge. Pepsi relies extensively on advertising and sales promotion in marketing its products. Pepsi Enterprises and TCCC have established a Global Marketing Fund, under which TCCC pays Pepsi Enterprises $ 61.5 million annually through December 31, 2014, as support for marketing activities. (Source: annual report). After Sales: David Johnston, JDA Software senior vice president of manufacturing and wholesale distribution, said, JDAs innovative supply chain solution enabled Pepsi Consolidated to achieve substantial inventory reductions while also delivering significant improvements in customer service levels. Additionally, sales from new product introductions improved greatly. More and more companies are focusing on achieving true supply chain optimisation excellence in a quest to deliver improved market responsiveness, better lifecycle management, optimised network-wide inventory levels, increased customer service levels, and reduced logistics costs. JDA Software has continually delivered innovation that provides manufacturers, wholesale distributors and retailers with unparalleled optimisation and visibility into the extended supply chain that enables them to delight their customers and shareholders alike. (Source: Forecasting Demand Planning). 4.2 7 Ps and 7 Ss 7 Ps STRENGTHS WEAKNESSES PRODUCT 1. Great Energy drink with the popular Pepsi Zero taste 2. Carbon drink 3. Enriched with vitamins 4. Innovation in products and packaging 5. Consumer and customer goodwill associated with the brand portfolio 6. Very strong brand awareness ensures that Pepsi popular products must be stored by retailers 1.Seasonality in the UK 2. The energy drinks are usually considered as unhealthy and too sweet 3.Competing with Red Bull which is the leader ( de loin) PRICE 1. Same price as Red bull 2. Affordable for Coke Zero consumers 3. Price package architecture (different pricing options) 1. Ingredients and packaging costs per case increase, as finished goods and increasing cost of sparkling beverage concentrate. 2. Same price as Red Bull but same taste as Pepsi, so needs to justify the price by insisting on the added vitamins and quality of Stevia sweetener. PLACE 1. Pepsi owns the largest beverage distribution system 2. NRJ Coke Zero will be available everywhere 3. Will benefit from the Pepsi existing and well established distribution channels 1. Changes in the relationships with large customers may negatively impact financial results 2. Disagreement among bottlers could lead to complicated negotiation with customers, suppliersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ 3. Dilution of the Coke brand as it is sold in the retailers shelfs 4. Referencing challenge as it is a question mark product for the retailers PROMOTION 1. Heavy marketing and advertising campaigns 2. Heavy use of celebrity endorsement 3. Effective PR 4. TCCC is the official sponsor of the 2012 Summer Olympic Games in the UK 1. Expensive Marketing and Advertising campaigns 2. Expensive promotion as it is to inform and differentiate the product PEOPLE 1.Great customer service 2.Improved customer service through the implementation of a new selling system for smaller customers 1. The customer facing staff are not part of the TCCC personnel, their customer service is not homogeneous and dedicated to Pepsi 2. The staff are not expert of the new product and will not be able to sell it properly or explain its attributes to the final customers PROCESS 1. Constant innovation in the equipment and in supply chain infrastructure improvement 2. Very efficient supply chain, linking the retailers stocks to TCCC bottling partners directly for reordering 1.Long processes as it is a multinational 2. Long decision making process PHYSICAL EVIDENCE 1.Great vending, dispensing machines, coolers 2. Great head offices 3. Strong brand, trademark, Pepsi bottler, great packaging and design 4. Very comprehensive and well elaborated website 1. Variety of shops Recommendations for improvement The marketing plan takes the corporate objectives and communicates them into measurable outcomes. Piercy (2002) states that The real strategic problem in marketing is not the strategy it is marketing the implementation and the change (p166 CIM) Lack of skills An effective organizational structure and committed leadership is needed to deliver the marketing plan (CIM p166). Improving marketing skills in the company Presentation of operational proposal for addressing the : Lack of Resources A lack of sufficient financial budgets and people to support the required task needed to implement the plan. Time constraints can also affect the delivery of the plan. Organizational Culture The culture of the company could hinder the development of the marketing plan across the company. The existing shared values of the organizations. The established processes and company traditions can make departments resistant to change. Systems Internal Marketing Internal marketing and resource allocation will need to be planned to Ensuring people sell expected targets and Undertaking effective communicate brand images and ensure value based marketing Strategy not suitable for the business The strategy needs to be approved by Managing directors to determine its accuracy and Turbulent market environment The unpredictable changes in the market will make the marketing plan The inclusion of an contingency planning and benchmarking

Shoeless Joe :: essays research papers

Reviewing a TV show or movie The Simpsons is undeniably the best show to ever be shown on television. Every episode is a timeless classic, subtle Simpson’s humor and doesn't depend on common jokes that so many rip-off cartoon shows and sitcoms use today. It is original, and no other show can ever top its humor. The characters are all amazingly funny and they always think of the most surprising and hilarious things to say. The Simpsons is one of the few shows that have managed to retain its popularity over the years. Bart pulls a prank at church, resulting in a punishment for himself and Milhouse. They have a conversation about it, and Bart tells Milhouse that he does not believe in souls. To prove it, he sells his soul to Milhouse for $5, well actually; he sells him a piece of paper with "Bart Simpson's soul" written on it. He notices that animals are afraid of him and automatic doors don't recognize him. Bart continues to notice that he is different. He loses his ability to laugh at senseless violence. He tries unsuccessfully to get his soul back from Milhouse. Bart has nightmares, so he goes on to beg for Milhouse's help. Milhouse does not have the soul anymore; he sold it to Comic Book Guy, who then sold it to an unnamed person. Bart is relieved to discover it is Lisa, and she gives him back his soul. Bart is back to normal, metaphysically. A major reason why it’s maintained its popularity is because of its overall quality. While other cartoons and sitcoms center on vulgar themes and pathetic plot-lines, The Simpsons is able to shine far above the rest with its hilarious plots, and good messages. We all know it’s impossible to sell your soul, but that’s the creativity. At the end of the episode Bart learns the true meaning of having a soul and respecting the church. The Simpsons is a ride through a fantasy society, which mock very human trait. Beer is drunk in every episode, bad habits are given into, ignorance and disdain to normal people, but somehow, everyone gets along in the end. Some features can be irritating, such as the portrayal of women, it’s always the mother and sister who are working hard and very intelligent, and the men are laid back with no worry. It also discriminates against Indians like Apu the kwiki- mart owner.

Health Promotion and Preventions

Health promotion and disease prevention are processes that enable individuals to improve their health. Health promotion seeks to increase an individual’s control over their health by addressing behavior under the control of the individual. Disease prevention is associated with medical and public health activities to prevent diseases. Health promotion and disease prevention have been utilized in the U. S. health care system for many of years and extensive research has been done on which preventive measures are most likely to protect individual health.Studies have also been done on what degree can preventions contribute to controlling costs of health care. Research supports the effectiveness of the preventative measures such as immunization, some forms of screening, avoidance of a high-fat diet, regular moderate exercise, as well the avoidance or cessation of exposure to tobacco. But research has also shown that preventative measures increase, rather than reduce, health care cos ts. Research has shown that preventative interventions preserve function and extend lives.Studies have shown immunization to be a good example of a prevention that promotes individual health and longevity. The benefits of immunization can been seen in young people and in the elderly. For decades the elderly have been receiving vaccination against influenza and it is also commonplace for young children to receive inoculations for diptheria, tentanus, pertussis, polio, meningitis-causing Haemophilus influenzae, measles, mups, rubells, and hepatitis B. 1 A study from the Netherlands demonstrates the health benefits of the elderly receiving annual influenza vaccination.The findings from the study were that the those who received annual vaccination experienced a reduced mortality risk of 24 percent and it was estimated that the vaccination prevented one death for every 302 people vaccinated. 1 Immunization has also eradicated diseases that once threaten the lives of children in the U. S. , as illustrated by the history of the disease pertussis. Between 1934 and 1943 there were on average 200,000 annual incidence of the disease, including over 4,000 deaths. After the introduction of childhood vaccination for pertussis in the 1940’s, reported cases drastically declined and reached a low of 1,000 in 1976. Research has also shown that some types of screening are good examples of preventative measures that effectively protect individuals. Screening is a strategy used to detect a disease in individuals who are without signs or symptoms of that disease. Between the early 1970s and 2000, use of the Pap test decreased incidence and mortality from invasive cervical cancer by 40 percent in the U. S. 1 The screening is almost an ideal because it is inexpensive, convenient, effective in detection, and cervical cancer is highly curable when detected early.The U. S. Preventive Services Task Force also strongly recommends screenings for colorectal cancer, high blood pressur e, and Chlamydia infection. 1 As significant as disease prevention, health promotions in lifestyle and risk reduction in the areas of tobacco, body weight, diet and exercise have been shown in studies to protect individual health. The most important of these studies that show the benefit of lifestyle preventative practices are the Framingham Heart Study and the Nurses’ Health Study.The Framingham Heart Study has been a main source of information regarding an individual’s attributes that lead to cardiovascular disease. The early findings of the study identified smoking, high blood pressure, cholesterol and glucose intolerance as risk factors for heart disease. 1 Before the study it was thought that heart disease may be unpredictable. Recently findings show that low-density lipoprotein cholesterol is a characteristic predictive of heart disease. The Framingham study had major implications on lifestyle in regards to physical activity and diet as preventative practices.It showed the low-density lipoprotein cholesterol was less common in physically active individuals. The study also showed that being overweight is associated with risk factors such as lower levels of high-density lipoprotein, high blood pressure, and diabetes. The Nurses’ Health Study found similar results regarding the effects of diet and lifestyle on heart disease. The study concluded that among women, adherence to preventative practices involving diet, exercise, and abstinence from smoking is associated with a very low risk of coronary heart disease. The health risks of certain diets have also been the subject of many studies. Trials have shown that consumption of trans fatty acids produces factors that are predictive of heart disease. 1 Alternatively, studies have concluded that a preventative practice of a diet rich in non-trans fats, whole-grains, abundant fruits and vegetable, and adequate in omega-3 fatty acids offered significant reduction in heart diease. 1 Health prom otion and disease prevention has also been thought as a means to control health care costs in the US.It is seems logical to assume that health care cost would be reduced by individuals avoiding illness and that illness detected early are less expensive to treat. Research has shown that some preventative measures may reduce health cost, but many actually increase health care cost. The work of the economist Louise B. Russell offers very informative cost effectiveness analysis of the preventative practices of vaccination. 1 Russell studied a campaign during the 1960s to inoculate children against the measles shortly following the introduction of an anti-measles vaccine.She calculated the cost of the immunization intervention to be the sum of the cost of administering the vaccines and the cost of treating people who contracted measles, which included children that may have missed the vaccine or for who the vaccine was ineffective. Russell’s findings were that the intervention sav ed 973 lives and prevented 3,000 children from being mentally retarded. She also found that campaign reduced absenteeism from school and work due to measles by 34 million days.She concluded that the intervention cost $31 million, but saved $200 million in institutional care for children who would have become retarded had they not been vaccinated. This type of preventative measure can be seen as very cost effective. Russell also concluded that other vaccination programs weren’t cost effective. She found that a small pox vaccination administered to 37,901 people because of a threat of bioterrorism attack resulted in 85 hospitalizations, 10 life-threatening diseases, 2 permanently disabilities, and 3 deaths. This intervention proved very costly since there wasn’t a bioterrorism attack.The preventative measure of screening also proves to increase cost of health care in the US. The costs of screening include the diagnosis, medication, doctor visits, and treatment of side ef fects. Additional cost also result from the increased life expectancy of the individuals who are successfully treated. Conversely, if an individual isn’t screened the individual’s death result in the end of incurring health care costs. Screening for colorectal cancer, the third leading cause of cancer-related mortality in the U. S. , also revel an increase in the cost of health care.The American Cancer Society recommends that colonoscopies be the preferred method of screening. In 2005 colonoscopies amounted to 60% of all colorectal cancer tests. 3 But colonoscopy is expensive and carries a higher risk of serious complications that other screening choices. Cost benefit analysis of cervical cancer screening also illustrate the increase in health care costs. Studies by a research team in Georgetown University indicated that Pap tests reduced deaths by 75% when done every three years and the cost per quality-adjusted life year gained would have been $11,839.The study also found that a more aggressive treatment resulted in deaths reduced by 95%, but the of a cost per quality-adjusted life year gained would increase to $76,183. 1 Health promotion interventions in lifestyle offer uncertain cost-effectiveness and cost impact. A case can also be made that tobacco control increases the costs of health care and that smoking itself is an effective cost control. Smokers due require more medical care when they are alive, but upon the death of smokers, saving can be realized in nursing homes expenses, and the unutilized pension and Social Security benefits.Cost effectiveness analysis is not a complete approach to view health promotion and disease prevention. Though costly, preventative interventions in immunization, screening and lifestyle have been found by research to protect individual health. Cost effectiveness analysis should then rather be concerned with comparing alternative interventions. A good example of this type analysis is of colorectal screening, in which recommendation was for the intervention that would save the most lives at a given expenditure level. Russell said it best that â€Å"even when prevention does not save money, it can be a worthwhile investment in better health, and this- not cost savings- is the criterion on which it should be judged. †1 1. Greenwald HP. 2010. Health Care in the United States: Organization, Management, and Policy 2. Stampfer MJ, Hu FB, Manson et al. 2000. Primary prevention of coronary heart disease in women through diet and lifestyle. N Engl J Med 3. Subramanian S, Bobashev G, Morris RJ. 2010. When budgets are tight, there are better options than colonoscopy for colorectal cancer screening. Health Affairs

Definition and Examples of Narratio in Rhetoric

Definition and Examples of Narratio in Rhetoric In classical rhetoric, narratio is the part of an argument in which a speaker or writer provides a narrative account of what has happened and explains the nature of the case. Also called narration. Narratio was one of the classical rhetorical exercises known as the progymnasmata. Quintilian believed that narratio should be the first exercise introduced by the teacher of rhetoric. Instead of conveying knowledge, says Franklin Ankersmit, the historical narratio is essentially a proposal to look at the past from a certain point of view. (See Narratio in Historiography in Examples and Observations, below.) Examples and Observations The narratio follows the exordium and gives background information. It relates events that have occurred which provide the occasion for the speech. A narrative based on the persons should present a lively style and diverse traits of character and have three qualities: brevity, clarity, and plausibility.(John Carlson Stube, A Graeco-Roman Rhetorical Reading of the Farewell Discourse. TT Clark, 2006)[I]n a piece of deliberative rhetoric, narratio is only supposed to include the facts that are germane to the presentation the speaker wants to make to his audience, not saying more than the case demands [Quintilian, Institutio Oratoria, 4.2.43].(Ben Witherington, III, Grace In Galatia. TT Clark, 2004)Cicero on the NarratioAs to the rule which exacts brevity from the narration, if brevity be understood to mean no superfluous word, then the orations of L. Crassus are brief; but if by brevity be meant such stringency of language as allows not one word more than is absolutely necessary to conv ey the bare meaningthis, though occasionally useful, would often be extremely hurtful, especially to the narration, not only by causing obscurity, but by doing away with that gentle persuasiveness and insinuation which constitute its chief excellence. . .The same perspicuity ought to distinguish the narration as the rest of the speech, and is all the more imperatively demanded there, because less easily attained than in the exordium, confirmation, refutation, or peroration; and also because this part of the discourse is much more imperiled by the slightest obscurity than any other, elsewhere this defect does not extend beyond itself, but a misty and confused narration casts its dark shadow over the whole discourse; and if anything be not very clearly expressed in any other portion of the address, it can be restated in plainer terms elsewhere; but the narration is confined to one place, and cannot be repeated. The great end of perspicuity will be attained if the narration be given in ordinary language, and the occurrences related in regular and uninterrupted succession.(Cicero, De Oratore, 55 BC) Colin Powells Report to the U.N. on Weapons of Mass Destruction in Iraq (2003)Saddam Hussein is determined to get his hands on a nuclear bomb. He is so determined that he has made repeated covert attempts to acquire high-specification aluminum tubes from 11 different countries, even after inspections resumed. These tubes are controlled by the Nuclear Suppliers Group precisely because they can be used as centrifuges for enriching uranium. . .Most U.S. experts think they are intended to serve as rotors in centrifuges used to enrich uranium. Other experts and the Iraqis themselves argue that they are really to produce the rocket bodies for a conventional weapon, a multiple rocket launcher.I am no expert on centrifuge tubes, but just as an old Army trooper, I can tell you a couple of things: First, it strikes me as quite odd that these tubes are manufactured to a tolerance that far exceeds U.S. requirements for comparable rockets. Maybe Iraqis just manufacture their conventional weapons to a higher standard than we do, but I dont think so.Second, we actually have examined tubes from several different batches that were seized clandestinely before they reached Baghdad. What we notice in these different batches is a progression to higher and higher levels of specification, including, in the latest batch, an anodized coating on extremely smooth inner and outer surfaces. Why would they continue refining the specifications, go to all that trouble for something that, if it was a rocket, would soon be blown into shrapnel when it went off?(Secretary of State Colin Powell, address to the U.N. Security Council, Feb. 5, 2003) Narratio in HistoriographyEach attempt to define (part of) historical reality may satisfy some historians but never all of them. In other words, the link between languagei.e. the narratioand reality can never be fixed in a way acceptable to all historians, thus becoming the knowledge of a generalized knowing subject. The fact that debate and discussion have a much more prominent place in historiography [which] in other disciplines and that historiographical debate rarely, if ever, results in conceptions shared once and for all by all historians should not be seen as a sad deficiency of historiography that has to be remedied, but as a necessary consequence of the linguistic instruments used by historians.(Franklin Ankersmit, The Use of Language in the Writing of History. Working With Language: A Multidisciplinary Consideration of Language Use in Work Contexts. Walter de Gruyter, 1989)

101 Cisneros and Eleven Professor Ramos Blog

101 Cisneros and Eleven Quick Write Reflection Reflect on the writing process for your solution essay. Answer these questions: What did you do well in your essay? What are the strengths and weaknesses of your essay? What grade do you think the essay deserves? Quick Write What are some possible reasons for banning books? Introduction to Sandra Cisneros Have you ever read anything by Sandra Cisneros before this class? Did anybody look here up? What did you find out? Her books were banned in Arizona. Why do you think they banned them? Pioneering Chicana  writer Sandra Cisneros  received the 2015 National Medal of Arts Award from President Barack Obama at the  White House, Thursday morning (Sept. 22). Why are we reading her stories in a composition class? How is this different from our previous readings? Birthday Party Eleven Write If you were Rachel, what would you have done? To answer this, write a dialogue between Rachel and Mrs. Price. Begin your dialogue with: Mrs. Price: Of course the sweater’s yours. I remember you wearing it once. Continue the dialogue any way you want. 101 Cisneros and Eleven Library Research Notes Reflection Reflect on the writing process for your first essay. Answer these questions: What did you do well in your essay? What are the strengths and weaknesses of your essay? Where did you struggle, if at all? Library Research Notes Today we are meeting in the Crafton Library computer room. In the Crafton Hills website go to the library link. Crafton Hills Library Databases You can search for books, ebooks, reference books, and articles. Use the  EBSCO Academic Search Complete  database under interdisciplinary section Find your keywords to search effectively in the databases. Example topic: the rising costs of textbooks Keywords: textbooks, cost, price, course reserves Search the keywords you came up with for your topic. Limit the results to full texts and scholarly. Can also limit the results to current publication date, depending on your topic. Boolean Terms Use the Boolean search terms to help narrow your search results AND, OR, or NOT Read the abstract, summary, and/or introduction of the article you are considering to see if it is useful and relevant to what you are researching. Quick Write What are some possible reasons for banning books? Introduction to Sandra Cisneros Have you ever read anything by Sandra Cisneros before this class? Did anybody look here up? What did you find out? Her books were banned in Arizona. Why do you think they banned them? Pioneering Chicana  writer Sandra Cisneros  received the 2015 National Medal of Arts Award from President Barack Obama at the  White House, Thursday morning (Sept. 22). Why are we reading her stories in a composition class? How is this different from our previous readings? Birthday Party Eleven Write If you were Rachel, what would you have done? To answer this, write a dialogue between Rachel and Mrs. Price. Begin your dialogue with: Mrs. Price: Of course the sweater’s yours. I remember you wearing it once. Continue the dialogue any way you want.

How the events of the 1660s changed London Essay

How the events of the 1660s changed London - Essay Example By the end of 1660 things were subtly different within the city of London. London housed about 350, 000 people and it were dwarfing all the other major cities in England. The requirement to extend the city was at its peak. The reign of Charles II witnessed the extension of the city westwards with the inception of parks, squares and personal masterpiece with the title St. James’ which meticulously intrigue with the architecture of Wren inspired designs evolved with a major conflict between tradition and innovation. Contextually, the street plan of London was in a chaotic form still (Robinson, 2011; Monash University, 1997). The role of Monarchy in restoration of 1660 was crucial and it affected London to a great extent as well. Various laws passed by the Charles II manifested in smooth running of trade and commerce along with civil governance in London followed by its prosperity. The 1660 act of Indemnity and Oblivion enabled the restoration of the lands of Crown and Churches automatically thereby the confiscated land was made available for negotiation and litigation publicly (The Royal Household, 2009). Art, architecture and theatre of London saw a huge transition in its form, shape and execution in 1660 along with the huge leap of events in the field of science, technology, research and education. The establishment of Bank of England and the dissolve of open air theatre to restoration of comedy made more popular in England holding the hands of theatre practices in London. The coffee house trend was at its peak during the restoration period in London which helped to instigate seminal art and culture rapidly (Tiscali, 2013). In the field of scientific research, London witnessed a huge event in the month of November 1660, when ‘The Royal Society of London for Improving Natural Science’ was established. The establishment of Dissenting Academy and its collaborative activity with

Is the development of oilsands essential to Canadas future prosperity Assignment

Is the development of oilsands essential to Canadas future prosperity Give Pros and Cons - Assignment Example Oil sand is a composition of many substances including water, soil, sand and bitumen. The bitumen is the thick and vicious oil. For bitumen to gain importance, it must be subjected into a series of treatments (Alberta Energy 4). The Alberta’s oil sands are of immense importance to both Canada and the rest of the globe as it supplies energy is not only more stable than other energy sources, but also reliable. Alberta’s oil sands utilize the most advanced form of technology in the extraction of oil, in addition to being the most developed in the whole world. Alberta’s oil has very many uses. Some of the uses include use of oil in driving cars, manufacturing of cosmetics, bubble gums and other substances like toothpastes. Researchers and developers have estimated that Alberta’s oil sand deposits will sustain Canada for a period of over a hundred and fifty years. However, with the current rate of extraction of oil at Alberta, the period of sustainability may fall below the 150 years. Even with the high rates of extraction, it is estimated that only a portion of about 20% has been extracted and the rest, 80% is yet to be extracted because of the huge depth the oil lays (Albertas Oil S ands Economic Benefits, pars. 2-3, 4). The major method of oil extraction at Alberta oil sands is through steam injection. The steam is exerted to liquefy the bitumen, and water has to be pumped in to mix with melted bitumen, to facilitate it to flow the surface, from the underground. During the separation process, bitumen is obtained and the rest of the mixture is poured away. It is estimated that 75% of bitumen is obtained, and 25% is lost to waste during the separation process (Albertas Oil Sands Economic Benefits, pars. 2 & 3, 4). Alberta’s oil sands are a great source of future prosperity to Canada. Oil is a major driver of a country’s economy. It is evident that all oil producing

Strategy Report ( FORD) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Strategy Report ( FORD) - Essay Example As part of the company’s business success, Ford UK managed to increase its car sales from 7,542 last February 2011 up to 8,957 last February 2012 (Ford, 2012b). One of the best strategies that made Ford become successful is its ability to expand its business through joint-venture programmes and acquisitions and close down the underperforming manufacturing plants. As part of the company’s global expansion strategies, Ford has been continuously entering into joint-venture with different foreign companies to improve and expand its production facilities. In 2008, Ford decided to acquire Automobile Craiova in Romania as its majority stake owner. After acquiring Automobile Craiova, Ford was able to operating its new vehicle production plant to serve the engine needs of its Ford B-Max (Ford Media, 2012a). Likewise, the company is also using this particular production plant to produce low-capacity engines for cars (de, 2009). Despite Ford’s continuous acquisition, the company is recently planning to close down its car plant in eastern Belgium (Associated Press, 2012). By doing so, the company can save a lot from its fixed operating cost. In response to the tight market competition in the world market of automobile products, Ford is being challenged to establish its production plant in another country. Through joint-venture and acquisition, the company was able to put up a new production plant within the earliest possible time. Since Ford is planning to close down its car plant in eastern Belgium, the company is expected to face serious problems with its employees and subcontractors. Therefore, future research will focus on Ford can enter into a win-win negotiation with the affected stakeholders. To investigate internal and external factors that can affect Ford’s strategy, a SWOT and PEST analysis will be conducted. Basically, the proposed research plan will make use of phenomenological approach to research. Since the main problem associated with